On the basis of the analysis of a series of case reports of various autoimmune diseases, Miller at al. hypothesized that the presence of certain HLA-DRB1 alleles (*01:01, *03:01, *04:01, *13:01, *15:01) that have been identified by others as HBV vaccine response modulators [17,18,19,20] can result in activation of CD8+T cells by HLA-A2–presented HBV surface antigens, which can result in the production of high levels of IFN-ɣ and TNF, and can promote autoimmune processes [32]. The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is autoimmune disease.