Melatonin significantly ameliorates the cognitive function in AD mice through reduction of mitochondrial damage and expression of (GSK3β), caspase-3, Aβ1-42, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), as well as phosphorylated tau, and increase of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as well as Bcl-2 [180]. This evidence concerns the gene BACE1 and Alzheimer disease.