In contrast, granules purified from cells following a 20 hr treatment with cytokines TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-1β that model the inflammation associated with the onset of T1D (Aslamy et al., 2018a; Aslamy et al., 2018b) showed a shift to a low-affinity monophasic response (K1/2 = 41 ± 4 μM, Figure 1B, red). Here, TNF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.