NOX4 and renal fibrosis: Resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant polyphenol, inhibits renal fibrosis via the activation of SIRT1 and deacetylation of SMAD3 in UUO mice (Li et al., 2010), and decreases the renal fibrosis caused by diabetic hyperglycemia activated renal fibroblasts via the inhibition of AMPK/NOX4/ROS signaling (He et al., 2016).