As research has progressed, studies have also shown that EZH2 exerts not only a repressive but also a PRC2-independent effect on transcriptional activation to directly modulate the activity of transcription factors and other proteins, such as the androgen receptor in prostate cancer and NF-κB, NOTCH1, the estrogen receptor (ER), and Wnt signaling transcription factors in breast cancer (Shi et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2012; Jung et al., 2013; Gonzalez et al., 2014). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.