However, Urbschat et al. (2013) showed that the expression of CYP27B1 was significantly higher in renal cell carcinoma tissue than in non-tumor tissue and suggested that the upregulation of CYP27B1 contributed to the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma due to an imbalance in vitamin D metabolites (Urbschat et al., 2013). Here, CYP27B1 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.