TNF and Sepsis: Activation of NF-κB leads to an increase in the production of cytokines and chemokines such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, neutrophils chemoattractant chemokines (KC & ENA-78), monocyte chemoattractant chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) and G-CSF, all of which contribute to the systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction associated with sepsis (54).