PPARA and fatty liver disease: Studies have shown that adiponectin exerts its protective roles in ALD mainly mediated by various transcriptional regulators, including SIRT1, AMPK, SREBP-1, Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)and PGC-1a/PPAR-a, and eventually leading to enhanced lipid oxidation, reduced lipid synthesis and inhibition of hepatic steatosis 56, 71.