Interestingly, DPP4 inhibitor, an oral hypoglycemic agent currently used for treating type 2 diabetic patients, has been found to be able to enhance circulating GLP-1 and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α levels through inhibition of DPP4 activity 14, 15 which, in turn, provides cardiovascular protective effect probably through the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and anti-atherosclerotic actions of GLP-1 16. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.