TXN and infectious disease: In early studies, Trx1 was previously found in blood plasma in several infectious and non-infectious diseases (Sumida et al. 2000; Kakisaka et al. 2002; Soejima et al. 2003; Shim et al. 2012) and described as chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells (Bertini et al. 1999) as well as an efficient electron donor to human plasma peroxidase (Björnstedt et al. 1994).