As shown in Fig. 5a, transcription of dcl-2 and rrp-3 was strikingly upregulated in the standard N. crassa strain following infection by NcFV1, NcPV1, or RnPV2, while moderate transcriptional upregulation of qde-2 was confirmed following infection by NcFV1, NcPV1, or RnPV2 (Fig. 5b). The gene discussed is DDX47; the disease is infection.