TNF and neoplasm: In line with this notion, it has been reported that TGF-β potently inhibits secretion of human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF), a pro-tumor scatter factor with an anti-apoptotic activity, by activated fibroblasts [54,55] and suppresses tumor necrosis factor-induced proliferation of diploid fibroblasts [56] within the pro-tumor growth TMEs.