INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In the current study we therefore investigated interactions between myocardial infarction-induced CHF with reduced ejection fraction and high-fat diet-induced obesity (60% vs. standard 10% dietary calories as fat) in modulating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at various cellular levels, tissue redox state markers, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and insulin signaling protein activation.