That is, HSP70+/TSG101+ EVs from HPV negative oral tongue cancer (PCI-13, PCI-30) cells dampened dendritic cell (DC) maturation whereas EVs from HPV positive oral tongue cancer (UMSCC2, UMSCC47, and SCC90) cells promoted maturation and maintenance of DC functions in anti-tumor immune responses, consistent with improved outcomes for HPV positive patients. Here, TSG101 is linked to neoplasm.