These include an open-label phase 1 study (NCT03069469) of the oral CSF1R inhibitor DCC-3014 in patients with solid tumors, including tumor types with high colony-stimulating factor 1 expression such as TGCT and an ongoing Japanese randomized placebo-controlled double-blind phase 2 trial that is evaluating the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug zaltoprofen in patients with diffuse TGCT and unresectable localized TGCT.43 This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and neoplasm.