Specifically, IL-35 upregulated several anti-angiogenic proteins, including plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) (confirmed in Supplementary Figure 6), Maspin (a tumor suppressor), and thrombospondin 1 (THBS-1, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis). This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and neoplasm.