Using genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies as positive controls for inhibition, we found that RTD-1 was able to significantly reduce infection of HPV18 and HPV31 PsV in a dose-dependent manner, similar to HPV16 (Figures 5B,C, 2.5 μg/ml shown), suggesting that RTD-1 inhibition can be applied across many hrHPV genotypes. This evidence concerns the gene REN and infection.