Since ATF4 and CHOP are known to play pathological roles in several diseases associated with ER stress, and our recent finding that ATF4 and CHOP are significantly induced in post-mortem TM tissues from POAG donor eyes36, we further explored the roles of ATF4 and CHOP in the glaucomatous TM damage and IOP elevation. This evidence concerns the gene ATF4 and open-angle glaucoma.