Immunostaining for ATF4 and GADD34 in the TM tissues of human donor eyes obtained from age-matched normal (n = 9) and POAG patients (n = 11) further revealed that both ATF4 and GADD34 are significantly increased in POAG eyes (Fig. 1c, d and Supplementary Fig. 1). The gene discussed is ATF4; the disease is open-angle glaucoma.