BRAF fusion or duplication and BRAFV600E mutation: Among patients with diffuse astrocytomas who had testing for BRAF fusion/duplication (n = 3) or BRAFV600E mutation (n = 6) performed on all paired surgical specimens, testing remained negative in all, with no acquisition or loss (including in one patient who received systemic therapy and one patient who received irradiation prior to subsequent surgery; Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and diffuse astrocytoma.