HIF1A and breast carcinoma: San-Millan et al. 2020 [86] demonstrated that lactate acts as an oncometabolite in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line, as it increases the transcriptional activity of MYC and that of PIK3CA, AKT1, HIF-1α and BRCA1, all of which contribute to an upregulation of the glycolytic pathway in this cancer cell line [87,88].