CD19 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: In 2017, the FDA-approved Kymriah (Novartis) [31], which is based on a SIN LV CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy, indicated for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in second or later relapse.