More recently, the integration of neuropathology with molecular and MRI methodologies has contributed to our understanding that specific proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNF, IL2, and IL22) and molecules related to sustained B-cell activity and lymphoid-neogenesis (CXCL13, CXCL10, LTα, IL6, IL10), characterize MS cases with higher levels of meningeal inflammation and GM demyelination at post-mortem analysis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.