PKP1 and lung carcinoma: Moreover, they can serve as independent prognostic and diagnostic markers, such as is the case, for instance, with plakophilin 1 (PKP1) in LSCC [186,187], PKP3 and its tumor growth promotion in lung cancer [188], and the decreased levels of desmocolin 1 (DSC1) in NSCLC [189], which are shown to be associated with a poor prognosis.