In other studies, blocking the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis (AMD3100) in the stromal compartment of pancreatic and breast tumours reactivates T‐cell cytotoxic capacity within the TME, thereby rendering these tumours susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (eg, α‐PD‐L1, α‐PD‐1 and α‐CTLA‐4).19, 48. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and neoplasm.