On the other hand, recurrent MDD patients were investigated to address the association of BDNF level and trauma exposure in the presence of MDD as a major comorbidity by Grassi-Oliveira et al. They concluded that patients with MDD had lower levels of BDNF compared to the healthy control population and within the MDD group the ones with the presence of childhood physical neglect (CPN), as a predisposing factor for PTSD, observed to have even lower BDNF measures [35]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.