PAFAH1B1 and lissencephaly spectrum disorders: Mice heterozygous for Pafah1b1 share symptoms with human lissencephaly patients, including learning deficits, motor impairments, increased excitability and decreased seizure threshold (Paylor et al., 1999; Fleck et al., 2000; Greenwood et al., 2009; Menascu et al., 2013; Herbst et al., 2016).