From the viewpoint of neurovascular protection, studies showed that continuous administration of anti-VEGF antibodies for age-related macular degeneration causes atrophy of the retina (30), and that in diabetic macular edema, anti-VEGF agents are less effective in patients with lower density of capillaries in the intermediate or deep plexus of the retina. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is diabetic macular edema.