B. xylanisolvens is a xylan- degrading bacterium in adults (Chassard et al., 2008) with the potential to induce an IgM response towards glucan antigens (Ulsemer et al., 2016), while C. aerofaciens is a proinflammatory gut bacterium that has previously been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver in adults (Astbury et al., 2020). Here, CD40LG is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver.