Semaphorin-Neuropilin-1 signaling affects vessel maturation and vascular permeability in ocular disease (6).  As mentioned above, VEGF and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and Neuropilin (NRP-1)) have important roles in angiogenesis and can serve as appropriate targets in the treatment of cancer and vascular disease (7). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.