NLRP3 and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Similarly, mice deficient in NLRP3 are also susceptible to the effects of α-hemolysin-expressing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in murine pneumonia and are able to produce IL-1β, suggesting that other inflammasomes besides NLRP3 may be involved in the innate immune response to S. aureus pneumonia (90).