TNFSF11 and osteoporosis: Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation, evidenced by elevated concentrations of circulating TNF-α and IL-6 originally identified in white blood cells, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoporosis by promoting bone resorption through upregulating the RANKL/OPG pathway [3, 12, 13, 28].