For example, high expression of a panel of ISGs (MX1, IFIT1, ISG15) from circulating neutrophils from a subgroup of adults with ARDS compared with normal ISG expressing neutrophils had reduced migration toward the neutrophil chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), decreased p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation, superoxide anion release, IL-8 release, and a shift from necrotic to apoptotic cell death that was associated with a diminished capacity to kill Staphylococcus aureus, but not Pseudomonas5. This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.