While we observed negligible transcriptional changes due to αGM-CSF treatment in the blood from uninfected mice (Supplementary Fig. 2c, middle panel), GM-CSF blockade during infection triggered major transcriptional changes in the blood, with 4479 differently expressed genes detected between αGM-CSF versus Ctrl Ab treated infected mice (Supplementary Data 2 and Supplementary Fig. 2c, right panel). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and infection.