HSPA1A and Alzheimer disease: In AD, the HSP70 proteins have cytoprotective roles via different mechanisms, including the inhibition of Aβ oligomerisation and remodeling to a less amyloidogenic form [90,92], upregulation of Aβ degradation enzymes [89,111,112], and restoring tau homeostasis by promoting the degradation of pTau aggregates, most likely by the ubiquitin–proteasome and/or autophagy systems [89,112].