The discrimination between non-malignant and pre-malignant pancreatic lesions, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), and manifested tumors was improved by combining KRAS and GNAS mutation analysis as the assay performed quite well at discriminating between IPMN and PDAC [82]. This evidence concerns the gene GNAS and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.