Persistent hyperglycemia triggers expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, which in turn leads to an increase in the inflammatory response. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is Hyperglycemia.