ALB and glomerulosclerosis: In consistent with the present results, the recent studies also reported that chronic running Ex upregulates renal NOS expression and normalizes renal NADPH oxidase, accompanied by the improvements of urinary albumin excretion [14], Ccr, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury, and tubulointerstitial injury in ZDF rats at an early stage of diabetic nephropathy [43].