VEGFA and age-related macular degeneration: In oxidative stress conditions including those observed in the retina of patients with AMD, redox enzymes coded by genes such asglutathione-S-transferase μ1 (GSTM1) are important in preventing ROS accumulation in the retina but these genes are often expressed in low levels in AMD patients2 In later stages of AMD (i.e. ‘exudative’ AMD), genes such asVascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) play a vital role in its development8,9.