Singh and Choi demonstrated that knockout of the sialyltransferase ST3Gal III in melanoma cells reduced α-2,3-sialylation and the metastatic characteristics of these cells.57 Typically, melanoma cells bind to subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes that express Siglec-1, resulting in colonisation of the nodes.57 In a murine colon cancer model established by Shapiro and co-workers, it was noted that α-2,8-linked di-sialic acids bound Siglec-E (a homologue of human Siglec-9) expressed on the surface of macrophages, inhibiting the immune response and allowing increased tumour growth. The gene discussed is ST3GAL3; the disease is melanoma.