PGC-1α, by coactivating nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF-1 and NRF-2), induces the expression of transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM).109 As the name suggests, TFAM serves as a transcription factor and is a master of mtDNA replication and repair.110,111 Mitochondrial biogenesis can serve dichotomous roles in cancer metastasis, depending on the dynamic metabolic requirements of metastatic cells. Here, TFAM is linked to cancer.