HIF1A and neoplasm: One well-characterised parameter that promotes the genetic reprogramming required for metastasis is hypoxia—in particular, the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α.24,25 Hill and colleagues were the first to show that hypoxia can increase metastasis,25 a finding subsequently verified by other teams.24,26–28 Hypoxic regions within tumours result from the demand for oxygen outpacing the supply.