SPP1 and neoplasm: Compared to macrophages in the normal tissues, the TAMs have high expression of APOE (Fold change = 23.65909118, adjusted p value = 2.225074e−308) and SPP1 (Fold change = 17.40700342, adjusted p value = 2.225074e−308) (Fig. 2c), which were reported to promote tumor cell growth and invasiveness [21, 22].