These variables include age, family history, missed follow up, from preceding infection; tonsillitis, gastroenteritis, and meningitis, from acute recent illness at the time of DKA; upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, tonsillitis, gastroenteritis, and otitis media, children with severe malnutrition, types of drug used, medication adherence and insulin storage at home. Here, INS is linked to Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.