Thus, considering that a depressive mood is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes and CVD, with no robust genetic support for a reverse causal effect of type 2 diabetes or CVD [31], primary aim of this study was to evaluate, in a population of obese subjects (more susceptible to depressive mood), the associations between depression, PCSK9 levels and HOMA-IR, a well-established CV risk factor [32]. Here, PCSK9 is linked to depressive symptom measurement.