VEGFA and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Nevertheless, RT can increase the concentration of immunosuppressive cells in HNSCC TME and the magnitude of this effect seems to depend on RT details (e.g., hypofractionated RT increases T cell tumor infiltration, downregulates intratumoral immunosuppressive VEGF, and leads to lesser increase in MDSC as compared to conventionally fractionated RT [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]) and on tumor characteristics (e.g., increase of CSCs in TME after RT is more prominent in HPV− HNSCC as compared to HPV+ [64]).