TLR4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: During development of obesity or T2D, NF-κB activation can be determined by various factors, including chronic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the enlarged adipose tissue, prolonged exposure to high glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGE), increased free fatty acids levels (via TLR2 and/or TLR4) and/or ER stress [9].