IAPP and hyperlipidemia: Interestingly, it has also been observed that islet cells, including β cells, contribute to initiation and maintenance of islet inflammation, as they can produce and release cytokines, mainly IL-1β, and chemokines in response to stimuli like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) accumulation, either directly [186] or through activated intra-islet M1-like macrophages [5].