In T1D, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are produced by immune and inflammatory cells infiltrating the endocrine pancreas and are considered crucial factors in the autoimmune-mediated pancreatic β-cell death [4]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.