AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Interestingly, serum PIVKA-II values raised above the identified cut-off (82 mAU/mL) in 53% of the patients already 6–18 months before HCC detection, showing an accuracy of 86% (Se = 54% and Sp = 100%); combining PIVKA-II with AFP, the accuracy further improved to 90% (Se = 67% and Sp = 100%).