Previous reports showed contradictory results concerning the accuracy of GPC-3 for the detection of HCC [17,29,30,31]; as a matter of fact, the control population included in the studies (i.e., patients with cirrhosis or chronic liver disease or healthy subjects), the overall clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients enrolled, the different assays used for the measurement of GPC-3 may have accounted for these conflicting findings. This evidence concerns the gene GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.