The murine studies could partly be corroborated by human studies, where an increased expression of PD-L1 on DCs and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and restricted PD-1 levels on T cells were reported to be more evident with the highly pathogenic A (H1N1) pdm09 pandemic strain rather than the mild H3N2 seasonal influenza strain. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is influenza.