In regard to cholinergic signaling, Zhao et al. reported that the pro-tumorigenic effects of cholinergic signaling takes place via M3 receptor–mediated Wingless and Int-1 (Wnt) signaling in the stem cells [47] while Hayakawa et al. reported that acetylcholine stimulates tumor growth via its M3-AChR, activating yes-associated protein (YAP), a modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling [59]. This evidence concerns the gene CHRM3 and neoplasm.