HMGB1 and perinatal asphyxia: In addition, animal models of HIE and in vitro experiments have shown that neurons, astrocytes, and activated microglia all exhibit nucleocytoplasmic translocation and release of HMGB1,134, 135 which is inhibited by treatment with hypothermia133 or resveratrol,134 suggesting that HMGB1 may be a useful indicator of the severity of the disease and treatment efficacy.134, 136