RNF115 and infection: The results from qRT-PCR analysis suggested that the expression of Ifnb, Isg56, and Ip10 was significantly increased in Rnf115−/− BMDCs and MLFs compared to the wild-type counterparts after infection with VSV, SeV, or EMCV, or transfection with poly(I:C) (Fig. 2a and Supplementary Fig. 4a).