IRF3 and infection: However, deficiency of IRF3/7 or p65 did not affect VSV-induced upregulation of Rnf115 mRNA in MEFs (Supplementary Fig. 1h), suggesting that the classical transcription factors NF-κB or IRF3/7 are dispensable for RNA virus-induced transcription of Rnf115. In addition, we further found that transfection of poly(I:C) or infection of VSV upregulated RNF115 protein levels in the presence of Act D or CHX (Supplementary Fig. 1i), indicating that RNA virus infection regulates the expression of RNF115 at translational and posttranslational levels.