Anti-S1 IgY could potently neutralize infection of live MERS-CoV in permissive Vero cells with 100% neutralization at concentration <31.2 μg/mL, whereas nonspecific antibodies from adjuvant-immunized chickens did not exhibit antiviral activity against MERS-CoV infection up to 1 mg/mL (Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene PSMD1 and infection.